Sewing lexicon
Expand your sewing knowledge with our sewing dictionary. Below you will find explanations of the most important sewing terms. The sewing lexicon is constantly updated with new terms.
New to the sewing world? Some terms can raise a big question mark. What is a fabric fold? What is a French seam? What is overlocking? Or what is a selvedge? Our sewing dictionary will quickly clear up any confusion and you can easily clarify terms such as topstitching, selvedge, serging, grainline, seam allowance and many more! Simply click on the term that interests you or browse through our entire sewing dictionary! So you can finally get started on your sewing projects.
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- A pleat that is sewn into a garment to optimize the fit - Darts are used on the shoulders, chest, waist and waistband of skirts or pants, depending on the garment, to adapt the fabric to the shape of the body - Darts are usually ironed to one side on the back, they can also be visually emphasized by additional topstitching.
Abschlüsse - Degrees
- These are the open edges of a garment that need to be embellished, e.g. sleeve opening, neckline, etc. to the top ^
Abstecken - Staking out
- When trying on a garment, pin it so that it fits well and then sew around it to make it fit. to the top ^
Absteppen - Absteppen
- One or more seams along an edge or another seam to stabilise and decorate it at the same time.
- Topstitching" means stitching from the right parallel to an already stitched seam (seam shadow) or edge.
- Topstitching has different functions. It can be used to visually emphasise a seam, but it can also stabilise a seam. Topstitching is also used to ensure that a fabric lays correctly. to the top ^
Applikation / Applizieren - Application / Appliqué
- Appliqués are very often found on historical church vestments. Lace appliqués are particularly popular.
- The word appliqué comes from the Latin word "applicare", which means "to attach". In sewing, it refers to decorative work that is applied, sewn or ironed onto the base fabric. As a rule, these are specially made patches, decorative elements, ribbons, patches or similar.
- Appliqués are very popular in patchwork. Figurative or geometric patterns are often applied to the patchwork piece (ironed on, sewn on).
- Decorative appliqués are particularly popular in the quilting sector. Appliqués are very often found on children's clothing. Appliqués can be made from various materials, such as fabric, leather, metal, fur, etc.. However, the most common are made of fabric or lace. to the top ^
Ärmelbrett - Sleeve board
- An ironing board that is used especially for sleeves. to the top ^
Architektenpapier - Architect paper
- Can be used very well as pattern paper as it is transparent. to the top ^
Armkugel - Arm ball
- A sleeve ball is the upper, round fabric edge of a sleeve that is sewn onto the garment. It is usually sweaters that have such a ball sleeve.
- The round area at the base of the sleeves where the shoulder fits. to the top ^
Aufschlag - Impact
- Additional fabric length, e.g. at the end of the sleeve, which is visibly folded over to the outside, ironed and sewn in place. to the top ^
- Cotton is one of the raw materials from which textiles are made. Botanically speaking, it belongs to the mallow family. Cotton fabrics are therefore made from plant fibers.
- Historically, cotton is one of the oldest textile fibers. The oldest evidence of cotton as a fiber source comes from India.
- The main characteristic of cotton is the fiber length, also known as staple length, of up to 56 mm. Cotton can be spun from a fiber length of 10 mm. Cotton fibers are very fine. Nevertheless, it can absorb up to 65% of its own weight in moisture without the textile made from it feeling damp. However, if a cotton textile gets wet, it dries very slowly.
- Cotton fabrics have a high dirt and oil absorption capacity.
- However, as dirt and oil can also be easily removed from cotton, workwear is often made from robust cotton fabric.
- In addition to these properties, cotton is considered to be very skin-friendly, which is due to the length of the fibers.
- Despite the relatively fine fibers, the yarns and textiles that are spun and woven from them have good strength.
- Cotton is slightly shiny and, depending on its origin, either pure white or in shades ranging from slightly yellowish to brownish in natural color.
- Cotton is mainly used to produce hard-wearing textiles, such as workwear and work clothes of all kinds.
- But shirts, dresses, blouses, underwear and nightwear, pants and leisurewear are also made from cotton fabrics.
- The home textiles range also includes numerous cotton textiles such as bed linen, kitchen towels, bath and hand towels, upholstery fabrics, decorative fabrics, handkerchiefs and sheets.
- In haberdashery, cotton can be found in various braids and ribbons (lace). This category also includes cotton over yarn. to the top ^
Bänder - Tapes
- Ribbons are woven pieces that are produced on so-called ribbon knitting frames or ribbon looms.
- Ribbons are characterized by a limited width and firm selvedges on both sides. In the past, silk yarn and cotton yarn were preferred for making ribbons.
- But other materials such as metal threads, wool or plant fibers are also possible.
- In the early days, woven ribbons were mainly used to embellish garments and household textiles.
- Ribbons are used as name ribbons, hat ribbons, sashes, trimmings for textiles or objects, fluttering ribbons, e.g. on lutes, guitars and tambourines, corn ribbons for harvest customs or as a wide variety of binding ribbons. Nowadays, there is also a wide range of utility ribbons, such as shutter ribbons, safety belts, tension belts, elastic ribbons (rubber bands, webbing, etc.), curtain tape, etc. to the top ^
Cover / Trimming - Cover / Trimming
- Possibility to finish edges. Pieces of fabric that are reinforced and have the same shape as the edge to be overlocked and are sewn on the inside for overlocking.
- Used to reinforce or finish an edge, e.g. on a neckline. The facing has the same shape as the edge and is usually reinforced with interfacing. to the top ^
Biese - Biese
- Visible very narrow sewn-in pleats for decoration. to the top ^
Blende - Blende
- Visible seams can be concealed with a facing, e.g. with a border.
- Is very similar to the facing, but a facing can also be sewn to the outside. to the top ^
Blindsaumstich - Blind hem stitch
- The blind hem stitch is one of the most frequently used stitch types. It can be sewn by hand or with a sewing machine, provided it has a blind hem stitch in its program or has a so-called blind hem guide.
- The blind hem stitch is most commonly used to create hems where the seam should not be visible. The blind hem stitch is worked on the inside of the hem allowance, between the hem and the outer fabric.
- With a fine needle and a little practice, the stitches of the seam on the right side of the fabric are almost invisible, hence the blind hem stitch.
- However, before you can start with the blind hem stitch, the hem allowance must be folded over and ironed.
- The edge of the fabric should be neatly cut and finished either with zigzag scissors or with an overlock or zigzag edge. Now fold back the hem allowance by approx. 1 cm and the first short stitch should be placed approx. 0.6 cm from the edge. For the next stitch, take only one thread of the fabric onto the needle. Continue with stitch distances of approx. 1.2 cm. Now sew short stitches in the hem allowance, picking up as little of the outer fabric as possible - ideally one or two threads at most. After finishing the blind hem, press the hem well once again.
- The blind hem stitch is done in a similar way with the sewing machine. Here too, the hem turn-ups must be ironed well beforehand. The sewing machine sews four or five straight stitches before zigzagging and picking up two threads of the outer fabric. You have to guide the hem edge very precisely to achieve a good result. It is advisable to test sew on a piece of fabric before sewing delicate fabrics with the blind hem stitch. to the top ^
Bohrloch - Borehole
- Marked marking in a pattern which can be punched out. A mark can then be easily made on the fabric with a pencil through the hole. to the top ^
Borte - Borte
- The name "Borte" has its origins in the French word "bordure". In German, it became "Bordüre" or simply "Borte". Today, this term is also used for decorated edges, stripes or borders.
- In common usage, a distinction has now been made between borders and edging. Borders are mainly the decorative strips on carpets, wallpaper, tiles, old books, frames, signs and stamps. In other words, everything that does not fall under the categories of clothing or textiles.
- The term "braid" is used for decorative strips on textiles that are used as clothing or as utility textiles.
- The main difference between ribbon and braid is that braids can be woven into the textile or printed on, but do not have to be. Borders can also be a sewn-on ribbon.
Briefecke - Letter corner
- Method for neatly finishing a corner when sewing.
- The letter corner is one of the hems on corners, which are a trickier matter. There are three possibilities: Sewing the corner by hand, overlocking the corner or the most sophisticated and elaborate corner finish - the letter corner.
Bruchkante bzw. Stoffbruch - Fracture edge or fabric break
- Pleat that is created when the fabric is doubled.
- Line on the pattern piece where the fabric is folded over. For symmetrical pattern pieces (e.g. for a top), one half is used to cut the entire piece. to the top ^
Brustabnäher - Chest darts
- Sewn-in pleat in the bust area to shape the fabric perfectly to the curves.
- A bust dart usually comes from the side seam and points towards the top of the bust. However, there is also the variant that the dart comes from the sleeve seam, i.e. from the top, or that it is integrated into a fitted seam or a Viennese seam. A classic bust dart has a triangular shape - this means that a triangle of fabric is sewn down so that the length of fabric on the side is shorter than in the area of the dart point. This creates the dart effect, allowing the fabric to follow the curve of the bust. to the top ^
Bügeleinlage - Ironing insert
- Non-woven fabric that can be ironed on to reinforce a fabric - e.g. for attaching to collars, cuffs, front parts of jackets, blouses, dresses, etc.
- Adhesive-coated non-woven fabric or woven fabric for reinforcing, stabilizing or as a sewing aid, for example when appliquéing. to the top ^
Bügelprobe - Ironing test
- A small piece of fabric is used to test whether the fabric is suitable for the heat of the iron. to the top ^
Bündchen - Cuffs
- Elastic fabric strips that serve as a finish.
- They are sewn to the open ends and thus provide a better hold or fit. to the top ^
Bündig Legen - Lay flush
- Place the edges of fabrics exactly on top of each other. to the top ^
- Lapel collar seam that connects the lapel and collar. to the top ^
Cutter / Rollschneider - Cutter / rotary cutter
- You can move around the pattern with a cutter / rotary cutter to cut the fabric precisely.
- It is best to work / (cut) on a cutting mat / patchwork mat as a base. to the top ^
Colour-Blocking - Colour-Blocking
- In color blocking, particularly striking and bright colors are combined to create striking color contrasts and sharply defined color fields. to the top ^
- Abbreviation for Do It Yourself, i.e. everything you can make, craft or sew yourself. to the top ^
Durchradeln - Cycle through
- Transferring a pattern using a copy wheel. The pattern is traced around with the copy wheel to create small markings in the fabric. to the top ^
Durchschlagen - Break through
- Transferring a pattern using carbon paper.
- The carbon paper creates lines on the fabric as soon as the pattern is traced on the paper. to the top ^
Durchziehnadel - Pull-through needle
- Used to pull a cord or elastic through a drawstring. to the top ^
- Finish one edge by sewing around it with a bias tape/edging tape. to the top ^
Einkürzen - Shortening
- Refers to cutting back the seam allowance after sewing. This makes the seams flatter. to the top ^
Einlage - Insert
- Are used to reinforce fabrics. There are interlinings for ironing or sewing on. to the top ^
Einschnitte - Cuts
- For corners or curves, small incisions are made in the seam allowance after sewing so that the seam lies flat and the corner can be pressed out properly after turning. to the top ^
Einreihen - Queuing
- Fold the fabric into small pleats to create an embellishment.
- The fabric is folded into small regular or irregular pleats. This serves as an embellishment and is also a useful processing step.
- Lined up or ruffled fabric panels are used as embellishment, for example for puffed sleeves or tiered skirts.
- As a finishing step, lining up helps when sewing on rounded edges, e.g. for armholes or rounded pockets. to the top ^
Elastikstich - Elastic stitch
- The elastic stitch is used to sew elastic bands in place or to sew the ends of elastic bands together. This keeps the elastic stretchy. to the top ^
Elastizität - Elasticity
- Indicates the percentage by which the fabric can be stretched. to the top ^
Endlosreissverschluss - Endless zipper
- Zipper yardage that does not have an end where the zipper unhooks. Used for bags, for example, but cannot be used for jackets as the zipper has to unhook. to the top ^
Fadenlauf - Thread run
- Refers to the fabric direction that must be observed when cutting pattern pieces.
- The fabric direction that must be observed when the pattern pieces are placed on the fabric for cutting. With woven fabrics, the grain runs parallel to the selvedge.
With knitted fabrics, it runs along a stitch line (= stitch course).
- The fabrics are usually less stretchy along the grain. to the top ^
Fadenspannung - Thread tension
- The tension of both the upper and lower thread can be adjusted on the sewing machine.
- If the upper thread tension is set too loosely, the upper thread will not lie perfectly against the fabric when sewing and will instead create small loops.
- The thread tension of the upper and lower thread can be adjusted using various small plates and adjusting screws on the sewing machine. It is advisable to only change the tension of the upper thread, but not the settings of the bobbin case for the lower thread.
For example, when smocking with the sewing machine, the upper thread tension is loosely adjusted so that the rubber (bobbin thread) lies smooth on the reverse side. to the top ^
Falscher Saum - False hem
- Method for overcasting an edge if the fabric length is insufficient. To do this, a strip of similar fabric is sewn to the front of the fabric, then folded over to the inside and sewn in place. to the top ^
Fadenschere - Thread scissors
The thread scissors are special scissors and consist of two cutting edges that open automatically by spring pressure.
- Thread scissors can be compared to the operating principle of a lobster claw.
- The thread scissors are held with the thumb and lie in the palm of the hand. This makes them easy to handle when working on the sewing machine.
- The cutting edges cut through threads without fraying.
- It is also very useful for cutting threads during fitting and final checks. - It can also be used for unraveling work.
- The very tapered cutting edges also make them ideal for cutting open buttonholes.
- The thread scissors are therefore a basic tool for sewing and tailoring. to the top ^
Fingerhut - Foxglove
- Usually worn on the middle finger to protect the finger from stitches when sewing by hand.
- It also makes it easier to pierce very thick fabrics, such as leather. to the top ^
Fixieren - Fixing
- Ironing an interlining, e.g. fleece, onto a fabric to reinforce it. to the top ^
Fliege - Fly
- To reinforce one end of the slit, a small triangle is sewn to the upper end of the slit. This prevents the slit from tearing any further. to the top ^
Flor
- Velvet or terry cloth, for example, have pile. It can be recognized by the fact that the fabric can be stroked by hand in two directions. to the top ^
Formbund - Shaped waistband
- A waistband for pants or skirts that is cut to shape. In contrast to a normal waistband, the cut piece is not a straight strip, but slightly curved so that the waistband adapts to the natural shape of the body. to the top ^
Französische Naht / Rechts-Links-Naht - French seam / right-left seam
- A special seam that also finishes the edges.
- Secures the edges from fraying and hides the unfinished edges. to the top ^
Futter - Lining
- Lining is often sewn into jackets, coats & blazers. It is an additional layer of fabric that is sewn inside the garment to cover the seams and make it easier to get into the garment (smooth and silky surface of the lining fabric). to the top ^
- Simple lockstitch that runs straight and is the most commonly used.
- The stitch length varies depending on the material. to the top ^
- Hand scissors or universal scissors are also known as household scissors.
- They usually have differently shaped cutting blades. The upper blade of the hand scissors is rounder and the lower blade is more pointed. The handle holes are also different sizes.
- Hand shears are available in different lengths from small to large.
- The cutting edges of the hand shears can be sharpened if necessary. The handles can also vary. Sometimes the grip holes are larger, sometimes smaller, sometimes rubberized, sometimes lacquered. There are also hand shears with additional functions, such as bottle openers.
- The hand scissors are also available as left-handed scissors. to the top ^
Handstiche - Hand stitches
- Sewing by hand is called hand stitching. They are required for seams that cannot be sewn with a sewing machine, for example. to the top ^
Häkelnadel - Crochet needle
- The crochet hook is used in needlework. Crochet hooks are available in a wide variety of designs. The basic model consists of a long pencil-shaped needle body with a barb at one end.
- The barb picks up a thread and pulls it through an existing stitch.
- The thickness of the yarn determines the size of the barb and the thickness of the crochet hook. There are crochet hooks made of metal, plastic, wood and bamboo. There are also so-called Tunisian needles or occhi needles for special crochet techniques.
- Crochet hooks have become fashionable again thanks to the stylish wool hats from myboshi. Visit our crochet range category. to the top ^
Heften - Stapling
- The basting stitch is a stitch used to roughly hold the layers of fabric to be sewn together.
- After the layers of fabric have been sewn together with the sewing machine, the basting stitch is removed again. Alternatively, you can also use our fabric clips or pins to hold the layers of fabric together. Click here to go to the basting pin category. to the top ^
Hexenstich - Witch stitch
- Decorative stitch that is sewn crosswise.
- The witch stitch is often used to embroider borders.
- But borders can also be “witched” onto a fabric.
- As a decorative stitch, it embroiders well on all fabrics. to the top ^
Hohlsaumstich - Hemstitch
- Like the blind hem stitch, the hemstitch is one of the stitch types used for hem edges.
- The hemstitch is used for a turned-in hem edge. It is very durable. When done well, the hemstitch is almost invisible. We recommend ironing the hem allowances well before sewing.
- To make the hemstitch seam, insert a thin needle through the folded hem allowance from the inside to the outside. Then pick up a thread (maximum two threads) from the outer fabric with the point of the needle and stitch into the hem allowance again.
- The hemstitch is therefore a variation of the blind hem stitch.
- There are also hemstitches in needlework. These are characterized by holes along the seam. Several threads are pulled together in the outer fabric with a hem thread. This creates a decorative hole pattern.
- This type of hemstitching is often found on table linen or bed linen. to the top ^
Hutgummi - Hat elastic
- Elastic thread used as bobbin thread for smoking. to the top ^
- Denim, serge de Nîmes or denim is a particularly durable, robust cotton fabric with a twill weave. This is one of the three basic weave types of woven fabrics. You can recognize the twill weave by the diagonal lines in the fabric.
- When weaving, a distinction is made between warp threads and end threads. Warp threads run parallel to the selvedge, whereas end threads run across it.
- In denim, only the warp threads are dyed with indigo before weaving, the end threads remain untreated. The threads are immersed in a dye bath several times and then air-dried. The process is repeated five to seven times, depending on the desired intensity of the blue dyeing.
- Denim fabric is no longer only used to make jeans.
- Dungarees, jackets, coats, shorts, blouses, miniskirts and more are also available in the iconic denim fabric.
- And there are no limits to the variety of shapes of denim trousers themselves. Denim is tailored in the form of skinny jeans, bootcut jeans, boyfriend jeans, waist jeans, flared jeans and other styles.
- The average jeans:
On average, a pair of jeans weighs 666 grams and consists of 600 grams of denim, 37.5 grams of lining fabric, 10.4 grams of thread as well as 3.6 grams of rivets and 14 grams of buttons. The jeans are worn on average once a week for four years. After being worn three times, the average pair of jeans is washed at 40°C. to the top ^
Kappnaht/ Jeansnaht - Kapp seam/ jeans seam
- A very tear-resistant seam that is often used for the inside leg seam of jeans. to the top ^
Knips
- A small incision on the edge of the fabric serves as a marker, e.g. for pattern pieces.
- Small incision on the edge of the fabric to mark where pattern pieces should meet.
- Also for marking pleats or seam ends. to the top ^
Knopflochschere - Buttonhole scissors
- The buttonhole scissors are special scissors for cutting buttonholes. They are relatively small, but still fit well in the hand. The handle holes are usually round.
- In contrast to the other scissors, the cutting edges of the buttonhole scissors are quite short.
- A special feature here is that the cutting edges have a recess. This corresponds to the average distance between the buttonholes and the hem edge and allows precise cutting.
- Buttonholes vary in size. To ensure that one buttonhole is not larger than the other, the buttonhole scissors have a locking screw between the handle and the cutting edges.
- This screw can be used to set the exact length of the buttonhole on the buttonhole scissors. This also prevents cutting into the bar or bead of the buttonhole.
- The buttonhole scissors should only be used to cut textiles to prevent the cutting edges from becoming blunt. Buttonhole scissors are also available for left-handers, but are custom-made.
- Buttonhole scissors are a very useful tool for hobby sewers and tailors.
- Alternatively, a seam ripper can also be used to cut open buttonholes. However, this requires precise handling. Do you need a buttonhole elastic? to the top ^
Kopieren - Copy
- Tracing the pattern onto the fabric. to the top ^
Kopierrad - Copy wheel
- The copy wheel is used in dressmaking. The copy wheel is used to transfer patterns from the pattern sheet onto neutral pattern paper or tissue paper.
- After transferring with the copy wheel, the individual pattern can be cut out along the copied lines.
- The copy wheel consists of a handle with a metal fork at one end, in which a movable wheel is attached sagittally. This wheel is usually serrated so that a perforated line is created during use.
- However, there are also copy wheels with blunt teeth or even a smooth edge.
- With the help of special copy paper, the copy wheel can even be used to transfer the pattern directly from the pattern sheet to the fabric to be cut. This special copy paper is available in yellow/white for light-colored fabrics and in red/blue for dark fabrics.
- It is necessary to transfer patterns onto a neutral paper or directly onto the fabric, as several patterns and sizes are usually printed on the pattern sheets to save space. This often results in pattern overlaps. The copy wheel can then be used to extract the pattern that is needed without destroying the others. to the top ^
Kräuseln - Crimping
- Creating folds, also known as lining up or holding in. to the top ^
Kreide - Chalk
- Used for marking fabrics. There is also chalk powder which is used in a chalk pusher. to the top ^
Kreidepuster - Chalk pusher
- Used for marking while standing. While wearing the garment, you press on the chalk pusher and turn.
- The chalk pusher has a fixed base and can be adjusted in height. This allows you to make a chalk mark at a certain height all around. to the top ^
Kurvenlineal - Curve ruler
- Flexible ruler to determine the length at curved points. to the top ^
Kurzwaren - Haberdashery
- Generic term for sewing accessories.
- In terms of development history, the term “short goods” originated in the 18th century. The word haberdashery did not necessarily refer to the length of the goods, but was used in the sense of “small”. Of course, the word could also mean “small goods”, but haberdashery became more popular in linguistic usage. Consequently, haberdashery refers to all the “small goods” that are needed and used for sewing. Even today, the term haberdashery still refers to all small tailoring and sewing items, such as buttons, needles, zippers, sewing threads, appliqués, etc.
- Fabrics, on the other hand, are not haberdashery. They belong to the so-called cubit goods, as they were measured with the cubit at that time. The cubit fabric thus corresponds to today's yard goods. Haberdashery, on the other hand, is counted or weighed per piece. to the top ^
Kürschnernadel - Furrier pin
- The furrier's needle is a special needle for sewing firm and thick leather or canvas.
- It is also known as a triangular needle because, unlike conventional needles, the freestyle needle has a triangular, sharply ground point.
- This point does not stretch the material as a normal needle with a rounded point does, but cuts the material.
- The furrier's needle is mainly used for extremely thick leather and materials that are very difficult to pierce.
- In modern furriery, however, it is used almost exclusively for light leather and furs that are soft and supple.
- Working with the furrier's needle should be avoided with these materials, as the stitched seams can tear open further in the cutting direction of the triangular needle. to the top ^
- Linen is one of the oldest types of fabric made from plant fibers. Linen fibers are obtained from the flax plant. Flax (also known as linseed) is an annual plant that belongs to the bast family.
- Unlike cotton, the linen fiber consists of a bundle of individual unbound fibers that are glued together by pectins, lignins and wax.
- After harvesting, this bonding must be broken up by soaking in light alkaline solutions. Only then are the individual fibers exposed. The linen fibers have a length of about 40 mm. They can then be spun into yarns. Fabrics are woven from them in a so-called plain weave. Blended fabrics are also produced. Half-linen consists of a mixture of linen yarns and cotton yarns.
- Nowadays, linen is mainly used for summer fashion, as the fabrics made from it feel fresh and cool on the skin. Linen is also very absorbent.
- Moisture (or perspiration) is absorbed quickly and released into the environment just as quickly.
- Clothing made from linen fabrics helps to regulate body temperature on hot days.
- Compared to other fibers, the stretchability of linen fibers is the lowest. Linen fabrics are also less susceptible to soiling due to their smooth surface and do not fluff.
- The care of linen fabrics is quite uncomplicated. Linen is boil-proof, just like cotton (although this is also restricted by finishing and special processing techniques). Bleaching with chlorine is possible and linen can also be dyed. Linen fabric should be ironed damp and at a temperature of up to 220 degrees. - Linen fabrics are not sensitive to solvents.
- Products made from linen fabrics are also suitable for tumble drying.
- In addition to summer clothing, linen is also used for household textiles such as bed and table linen as well as shoes, bags and decorative fabrics.
- Linen fibers are also used for canvases in painting, as book bindings, as insulating material, as natural fiber composites and as bedding for horses.
Linke Stoffseite/Rechte Stoffseite - Left fabric side/right fabric side
- The wrong side should be used as the inner side of the fabric. It is the less attractive side of the fabric.
- The right side of the fabric is the nicer side (e.g. the color is stronger) and should be used as the outer side.
Links auf Links legen - Place links on links
- Here, two pattern pieces are placed with the wrong sides together so that both wrong sides meet (the good sides are on the outside). to the top ^
- Sleeve cuffs, which are usually reinforced with interlining and closed with buttons. to the top ^
Markierstifte - Marker pens
- Ideal for marking and indicating cutting marks, sewing marks, facing edges, buttonholes or other markings on fabric. to the top ^
Matratzenstich - Mattress stitch
- Invisible stitch used for sewing on appliqués or other items. to the top ^
Mehrgößenschnitt - Multi-size cut
- Pattern which contains several sizes for copying. to the top ^
Mehrweite - Fullness
- Add a few millimeters of fabric to cut parts of sleeves or trouser legs to give more freedom of movement.
- By stretching the fabric and using manual dexterity, no creases or ruffles will form when sewing.
- If there are two fabric sections, one is longer than the other and must be adhered to when sewing. For example, the fabric width of an armhole must be worked into the armhole in such a way that the fabric layer curves, but without creating pleats or ruffles on the outside. to the top ^
- Needles are among the oldest cultural tools. Needles were already being used in the Stone Age.
- Needles are available for a wide variety of functions.
The following needles are used in tailoring and sewing:
Hand sewing needle
Sewing machine needle
darning needle
embroidery needle
pin needle
Safety needle
Sewing awl
Furrier needle
The following needles are also commonly used in needlework:
Crochet hook
knitting needle
Latch needle
- We also encounter the needle as a decorative utensil.
- In addition to its use in the textile industry, numerous similar-looking tools and aids are also known as needles: Awls as marking tools in metal and woodworking and handicrafts, hypodermic needles in medicine, hairpins, tie pins, printer's needles, etching needles, compass needles, hat pins, roulade needles, etc. to the top ^
Nähen - Sewing
- According to Wikipedia, sewing is “the joining of fabrics with a seam”.
- Sewing is one of the oldest craft activities that was developed early on and has played an important role throughout human history.
- In the early days, sewing was done by hand. Needles made from different materials were used.
- The main focus was on the production of clothing and everyday textiles. It was only later that different sewing methods and applications developed.
- Today, however, sewing can also be found in other areas, such as the metal industry and medicine. Seams can be used to join a wide variety of fabrics, materials, leather, paper, cardboard, foils and metals. So-called threadless connections, such as glued or welded seams, are also counted as seams.
- The German Institute for Standardization defines “sewing” in DIN-61400 as the process in which one or more threads are passed through the sewing material, whereby the threads are intertwined with each other or with the sewing material.
- In the textile industry, sewing with sewing machines has become the standard method for joining individual parts into a finished product. The seam joins fabric parts with great stability, which makes the fabric more resilient, even if they have previously been glued together with a textile adhesive, for example. Seam connections can also be loosened or corrected comparatively easily at a later date.
- Due to the two-dimensional nature of the materials, there are only two types of seam joints:
1. overlapped: in this sewing technique, fabrics are laid overlapping and sewn through with the thread.
2. butt-to-butt: A special feature of butt-to-butt seam constructions (flat seams) is the low seam thickness. They are considered to be of particularly high quality. As the fabrics are only laid on, the guidance of the sewing material must be very precise, as the distance between the seam lines and the end of the fabric is of crucial importance.
- In addition, there are various seam shapes and seam types that are suitable for sewing different materials. to the top ^
Nähgarn - Sewing thread
- According to DIN 60900, "yarn" is a collective term for all linear textile structures. In a narrower sense, "sewing thread" means "simple sewing thread." This makes it easier to distinguish sewing thread from twisted thread. Simple sewing thread is a woven fabric produced by spinning from individual fibers of a specific length. The simple sewing thread is twisted around an axis.
- The word "thread" has become common parlance. It refers to simple sewing threads, twisted yarns, cords, etc. However, it cannot be used to describe the type of product.
What types of sewing threads are there?
- Apart from twisted yarns, there are spun yarns. Depending on the raw material and the resulting spinning process, these are staple fibers that are mechanically twisted together to form sewing threads. Their twisting gives them their strength. These staple fibers are either of natural origin (e.g., cotton and linen), remnants of the non-reelable silk thread on the cocoon, or man-made fibers cut or torn into staples.
- Filament yarns are continuous fibers produced by the silkworm or spun from spinning pulp using chemical and technical methods. A filament made from a continuous fiber is called a monofilament. Several individual filaments, with or without twist, are called a multifilament.
In what direction is sewing thread or yarn twisted?
- The yarn is referred to as having a "Z" twist direction if the fibers in the yarn run in the direction of the slash of the letter Z when the thread is held vertically. If the direction is opposite, it is an S-twist.
- Now let's look at the numbering. Sewing threads usually have a number that indicates the thickness of the sewing thread. Numbers are generally used to identify a yarn.
- For weight numbering, there is the Tex system: linear density (Tt) and linear density (Td). "Tex" is the German term, but the French term "denier" is still used. Both numbers indicate the weight of a sewing thread/twine of a certain length. Thus, 1 tex or denier represents 1 gram of yarn at 1 km or 9000 m.
- Two other numbers are used for length numbering. This indicates the length of a sewing thread/twine of a certain weight. The metric number (Nm) indicates how long the sewing thread is at a certain gram weight. 10 Nm means that 10 meters of sewing thread weigh one gram. The smaller the number, the stronger and more robust the thread. The common designation is: Extra Strong Sewing Thread.
- The English cotton number (NeB) is based on the yarn length in "hanks," which corresponds to a skein length of 840 yards, and the weight in pounds (lbs).
What properties can be used to differentiate sewing threads?
- The properties of sewing threads have a significant influence on the textiles and garments made from them. They also determine the specific application of the sewing thread.
- Yarn uniformity: Minimal cross-sectional fluctuations or changes (different thicknesses and thinnesses in the sewing thread) are among the most important prerequisites for trouble-free processing. It must be noted that yarns made from spun fibers can never be completely uniform.
- Yarn purity: Contamination by foreign fibers, packaging particles, raw material impurities (e.g., dark wool fibers or husks), etc., impair both the visual appearance and the quality during production, potentially leading to defects and holes.
- Yarn elasticity: The elasticity of a sewing thread is measured by how the yarn returns to its original size after being stretched. Depending on the product, different degrees of elasticity are used (e.g., high elasticity for socks).
- Yarn tenacity: Indicates the value of the resistance of the sewing thread or thread under tensile stress until it breaks. Sewing threads with low stretchability often lead to holes in clothing.
- Yarn twist: The number of twists influences the hardness of a sewing thread and thus the feel and appearance of textiles made from it. to the top ^
Nähmaschinennadel - Sewing machine needle
- The sewing machine needle is a further development of the hand sewing needle.
With the first sewing machines, a new generation of sewing needles was developed. Previously, only one thread was used to join layers of fabric together when sewing with a needle, but now two threads were necessary to create a durable seam.
- Sewing machines work with an intertwined upper and lower thread. This required the sewing machine needle to have different properties than the previously hand-guided needle.
- In particular, the mechanical forces acting on the needle during machine sewing led to a redesign of the needle.
- The sewing machine needle was developed in 1800 by Balthasar Krems from Mayen in the Rhineland and still forms the basis for machine sewing worldwide today.
Nähnadeln - Sewing needles
- The sewing needle is used to join pieces together.
- Like any needle, it is elongated and slender and has a point. At the thicker end of the needle is a hole or an oblong opening through which the thread can be pulled.
- In the beginning, this so-called eye was a slit or gap where the thread was clamped.
- The sewing needle is pierced through both pieces and then returned slightly offset. In this way, the thread "winds" its way through the pieces and joins them with a seam.
- Sewing needles are available in different thicknesses, lengths, and with different needle eye sizes. The range of threads used extends from the finest silk thread to thick thread and yarn. The tips of sewing needles also range from very pointed to rounded. to the top ^
Nahttrenner - Seam ripper
- The seam ripper is one of the most useful sewing tools. It is primarily used to quickly and easily open existing seams and thus separate the two joined pieces of fabric.
- The seam ripper is pin-shaped and has a small metal hook at one end. A small plastic ball is usually attached to the short side of the hook. The long side of the seam ripper is arrow-shaped to reach even the finest seams. The bend between the two sides consists of a small knife that can easily cut thread of various thicknesses.
- In addition to unpicking seams, the seam ripper is also often used to cut open machine buttonholes, as the tip can penetrate the fabric well. Care should be taken not to damage the buttonhole seam.
- In general, it is important to ensure that the seam ripper does not penetrate the fabric of the piece being separated. Therefore, you should never cut multiple seams at once, as there is a risk of cutting a slit in the fabric along the seam line, which will then be irreparable.
- Care must be taken to ensure the seam ripper is not blunt, as the increased force required could otherwise cause the tip, and in the worst case, the cutting edge, to damage the fabric. to the top ^
Nahtzugabe - Seam allowance
- The distance between the seam and the raw edge.
- This allowance can vary depending on the fabric type and sewing project. It is often between 1.0 and 1.5 cm. With "presser foot width," the raw edge runs directly along the edge of the presser foot, and the seam allowance is the distance from the needle – usually 0.7 cm.
- When cutting pattern pieces, a seam allowance of approximately 1-1.5 cm is often added. This ensures that the garment doesn't become tighter than it should be when sewn. to the top ^
Nähzubehör - Sewing accessories
- Sewing accessories are a targeted selection of materials and tools that ensure uninterrupted sewing and can meet all sewing requirements and challenges.
- The way in which sewing accessories are equipped varies from person to person, as everyone has different requirements for their personal sewing tools.
- The range of sewing accessories is very diverse. It extends from scissors to appliqués, ribbons, buttons, needles, sewing threads, zippers, various hooks, clasps, crayons, patterns, and much more.
- In our online shop, you will find a wide selection of sewing accessories for tailoring, sewing, crafting, and decorating from quality companies such as Prym, YKK, Isafil, Amann, OLFA, Sew-Mate, Yarn Garn, Organ, Schmetz, Safisa, Vlieseline, Madeira, and others. to the top ^
- Sewing thread that runs from the top of the sewing machine and down to the sewing needle. It is also on the top side of the fabric when sewing.
- Sewing thread that comes from the thread spool and is on the top side of the fabric when sewn. to the top ^
- Metal ring that stabilizes the edges of holes so that cords or shoelaces, for example, can be pulled through. to the top ^
Overlock machine
- Simplified edge sewing with an overlock machine.
- The machine sews the fabric together, neatens it, and trims it precisely in one operation. to the top ^
Overlock-Garn - Overlock thread
- Our overlock thread from the "Yarn-Garn" brand is a high-quality thread.
- Overlock thread is specially designed for overlock machines.
- Unlike standard sewing machine thread, this thread is spun with two threads and is therefore finer.
- Overlock thread is available in pure cotton, 100% polyester, or blended fibers.
- A spool usually holds several thousand meters of sewing thread.
- Overlock thread is most commonly used for finishing seams.
- It is not recommended to use 3-ply multipurpose threads for regular sewing machines on an overlock machine. Using this thread will result in a thicker overlock seam than using overlock thread specifically designed for it. Conversely, using overlock thread for regular sewing machines is not recommended, as it is too fine. Seams may tear more easily here than with conventional sewing thread. - The sewing result with overlock thread on an overlock machine is smoother and more even, especially if the machine uses multiple overlock thread spools (e.g., three- or four-thread spools – currently, up to eight threads are possible simultaneously in the hobby sector). to the top ^
- Panne velvet is a variant of velvet. It is generally woven somewhat thinner. This makes it lighter than velvet and drapes more fluidly.
- Panne velvet is made from polyester fiber, which makes it considerably more affordable.
- The appearance of panne velvet is shiny, almost mirror-like. This is why it is also called mirror velvet.
- Panne velvet gets this characteristic from the so-called "panning" process. This involves ironing or pressing the velvet pile flat. Patterns can also be panned into the pile during this process.
- Panne velvet does not fray during cutting and processing.
- When processing, care should be taken to ensure that the cut edges curl slightly. It is therefore recommended to either pin the panne velvet tightly or even gather it in place during sewing to prevent the seams from distorting.
- Panne velvet is also stretchy in at least one direction. Panne velvet is available in a wide range of colors.
- Due to its properties, panne velvet is a popular decorative fabric.
- Crushed velvet is also popular as a clothing fabric, especially for women's outerwear such as skirts, dresses, shirts, scarves, and various accessories.
- Crushed velvet is also a popular costume fabric.
- Due to its special properties – soft, flowing, supple, slightly shiny, opaque, and lightweight – a variety of beautiful costumes for theater, carnival, etc. can be made quickly and inexpensively.
- Crushed velvet is easy to work with. In a pinch, it can even be glued and stapled.
- Crushed velvet is also incredibly easy to care for: machine washable and tumble dryable. Ironing Crushed velvet is generally not necessary. to the top ^
Papierschere - Paper scissors
- Paper scissors are characterized by long, tapered blades.
- They also usually have a smaller and a larger grip hole so that the scissors fit comfortably in the hand and can be guided safely.
- The blades of paper scissors are available with single- and double-edged sharpening.
- An adjustment screw guarantees smooth operation and optimal tension, so that paper can be cut cleanly.
- The long blades allow for long, precise cuts without the cutting edges being affected by the repositioning of the paper scissors.
- Paper scissors should generally only be used for cutting paper and thinner cardboard.
- In tailoring, paper scissors are used to cut patterns from pattern paper and are a basic tool for those who use patterns or create their own.
- For use in crafts, there is a wide selection of different smaller paper or craft scissors with different blades available on the market. to the top ^
Paspelband - Piping tape
- Narrow ribbon for decorating or finishing edges. Instead of wrapping the ribbon around the edges, it's sewn between them. to the top ^
Passknips / Passzeichen - Passport snap / passport mark
- Markings (small horizontal lines) in a pattern for long seams that must be transferred to the fabric.
- They ensure that the pattern is pieced together in the correct place, preventing sleeves or trouser legs from being sewn on twisted. to the top ^
Patchwork
- Sewing together different small pieces of fabric to create one large piece. to the top ^
Pilling
- Pilling is the formation of small balls or fuzz in fabrics, especially in areas subject to high mechanical stress, such as the shoulder and waistband areas of clothing.
- The balls consist of fibers that have detached from the fabric.
- Due to their smooth surface, synthetic fibers such as polyester are more prone to pilling than natural fibers. to the top ^
- Pulling in a basting thread so that several small folds are created. to the top ^
Rapport
- A repeating pattern on the fabric, or the distance between two repeating patterns, which must be taken into account when cutting so that the pattern continues when the pieces are sewn together. to the top ^
Rechte Stoffseite - Right side of fabric
- This is the so-called "pretty side of the fabric," which is visible on the outside of the finished piece.
- For printed fabrics, this is the side where the print is clear and vibrant. to the top ^
Rechts auf Rechts legen - Place right side up
- Two pattern pieces are placed right sides together.
- The less "pretty" side is on the outside. to the top ^
Reihgarn - Row yarn
- Thread is used in tailoring and sewing.
- Thread is used to baste textiles together, similar to pins.
- By joining the fabrics together with thread, you can check the fit of the fabrics before the actual sewing process.
- Thread is also helpful when making intricate pieces.
- For some fabrics, it is also more advantageous to baste with thread than with pins.
- Thread is usually made from loosely spun cotton.
- This creates a thicker thread, but it is easy to tear. This property is very helpful when removing the thread from the fabric.
- Thread is available in a variety of colors. to the top ^
Reißverschluss - zipper
- A zipper (also called a zip fastener) is a fastener for textiles, leather, or films that can be opened and closed at will.
- It consists of two side panels with teeth and a slider that allows the teeth to be hooked together and released again.
- Zippers can now be manufactured inexpensively not only from metal but also from plastic.
- Waterproof zippers are also available. In the clothing and leather goods sectors, they are one of the most important fastening components.
- Continuous Zippers / Sold by the Meter
- Divisible and Non-divisible Zippers – Divisible zippers are often found on jackets, while non-divisible zippers belong to the category of continuous zippers, for example, on bed linen or pillows. to the top ^
Riegel - Bolzen
- Multiple-stitched seams for extra tear resistance.
- Very tightly sewn rows of small zigzag stitches in high-wear areas of garments, such as pocket openings. to the top ^
Rollsaum - Rolled hem
- Narrow, rolled hem of a garment, e.g. a T-shirt. to the top ^
Rockabrunder - Rockabunder
- The skirt marker is used to mark a hem edge on skirts or dresses that should be evenly spaced from the floor.
- The skirt marker consists of a rod attached to a stand. A movable spray can containing chalk powder is attached to it.
- The chalk powder can be blown onto the fabric through a slit-shaped outlet using a blower.
- Hem edges should generally be blown off with the skirt marker on a "live model" as this can compensate for individual physical differences.
- For floor-length skirts or dresses, it is also recommended to wear shoes that match the garment when blowing off.
- When cleaning the skirt marker, do not use water, as this will cause the chalk powder to clump. The best way to remove the chalk powder is with a soft, dry cloth or a soft brush.
- The chalk powder is also easy to remove from fabrics.
- If you use the colored chalk powder in the skirt rounder, it is recommended to test it on a scrap of fabric to see if the powder can be removed. to the top ^
Rüschen - Ruffles
- A ruffle is a gathered strip of fabric used for decoration. to the top ^
- Velvet is a six-thread fabric with a so-called pile layer incorporated over it.
- Originally, velvet was a product of silk weaving. to the top ^
Saumband - Hem tape
- Tape made of adhesive fleece for hemming edges, which does not need to be sewn but is ironed on. to the top ^
Säumen - Hemming
- Visible edges are processed to create clean finishes. to the top ^
Saumzugabe - Seam allowance
- The hem allowance is an additional addition to the fabric width of the pattern pieces in order to use additional fabric for hemming. to the top ^
Schneidematte - Cutting mat
- The cutting mat is a sewing aid and is often used for complicated cuts where a ruler, curved ruler, and rotary cutter are used.
- The cutting mat is particularly popular for patchwork work.
- The cutting mat is made of a plastic that is soft enough to protect the rotary cutter blade and hard enough to prevent deep cuts in the cutting mat.
- A measuring system with a square grid and a cm scale is usually printed on one side of the cutting mat to aid precise work when patchwork is carried out.
- The cutting mat should be stored as flat as possible to avoid warping. Clean with a soft, slightly damp cloth. Some manufacturers guarantee resistance to breakage and chipping when used properly.
- Our cutting mats all have a self-healing middle layer, which ensures long-term use. to the top ^
Schnittauflageplan - Cutting support plan
- A plan showing how to place the patterns on the fabric, taking the grain into account. to the top ^
Schnittmuster - Sewing pattern
- Sewing patterns are usually paper templates for a specific clothing model. They represent the individual pieces of the model in different sizes.
- Sewing patterns are available as individual patterns or pattern sheets.
- With individual patterns, the individual pieces of the pattern are printed side by side on paper in different sizes. The respective size can then be cut out without having to transfer the pattern to neutral paper. The individual pattern is also called a finished pattern. to the top ^
Schnitteile - Cut pieces
- Individual cut pieces of fabric that are sewn together to form a garment. to the top ^
Seide - Silk
- Silk is a natural fiber fabric. It is obtained from the cocoons of the mulberry moth, a species of butterfly that feeds exclusively on the leaves of the mulberry tree. Silk is therefore an animal product. to the top ^
Sicherheitsnadel - Safety pin
- The safety pin is primarily used for temporarily fastening or pinning fabrics together.
- The safety pin is similar in use to a brooch. Both have a pin, and both have the option of securing the pin so that it cannot slip out of the fabric. to the top ^
Smok / Smoken
- A handcrafted technique in which the fabric is gathered in strips.
- Can also be done with a sewing machine and stretch thread.
- This technique is often used for tops or cuffs. to the top ^
Spiegel - Mirror
- Pattern piece that is sewn over a trouser pocket so that the inner lining of the pocket is not visible. to the top ^
Stäbchen - Rod
- Flexible rod which can be sewn into clothing for reinforcement, e.g. in bras or corsets. to the top ^
Steg/ Schaft - Bridge/Shaft
- Spacer that is sewn between the button and the fabric so that the fabric is not pressed in. to the top ^
Steppfuß - Quilting foot
- A sewing machine foot designed to prevent the fabric from being pulled into the needle plate, allowing for particularly smooth stitching and embroidery. to the top ^
Steppnaht - Quilting seam
- Straight stitch sewn close to an edge for decorative purposes. to the top ^
Sticknadel - Embroidery needle
- The embroidery needle is a specialty needle used for embroidering fabrics and workpieces.
- Embroidery needles are available not only for hand embroidery but also for embroidery using a sewing machine.
- Embroidery needles are available in various designs. The embroidery needle to be used varies depending on the type of fabric, embroidery thread, and stitch density.
- Embroidery needles are available with three different tips: regular, medium, and large.
- The embroidery needle is generally slightly rounded.
- The eye of the needle is also available in different sizes, depending on the embroidery thread used.
- There are also special embroidery needles for use with leather (embroidery needles with cutting tips) or for using metallic threads. to the top ^
Stickschere - Embroidery scissors
- Embroidery scissors are a specialty scissors.
- The handles of embroidery scissors are usually longer than the narrow, tapered blades.
- The blades of embroidery scissors can be straight or slightly curved upwards. This allows threads to be cut very close to the fabric without damaging it.
- Embroidery scissors are often offered in the classic stork shape.
- Embroidery scissors are suitable for handcrafting. However, they can also be used with machine embroidery frames. to the top ^
Stoffbruch - Fabric break
- Crease that occurs when the fabric is folded in half. to the top ^
Strich eines Stoffes - Line of a fabric
- Certain fabrics have a specific grain direction, e.g. velvet changes its appearance depending on the direction in which you move your hand over it. to the top ^
- Sewing an inner pleat in a specific shape so that the garment fits better around the waist. to the top ^
Teilbarer Reißverschluss - Divisible zipper
- Zipper that can be unhooked.
- Used on jackets and coats, allowing the jacket to be fully opened and easily slipped into. to the top ^
Textilfarbe - Textile dye
- Washable paint for decorating textiles, e.g. with brushes, stencils, stamps, etc. to the top ^
Textilkleber - Textile adhesive
- Helper for sticking patches, appliqués, ribbons, trims or other items onto textiles. to the top ^
Textilstift - Textile pen
- Textile pens are used to make markings on the fabric, such as pocket positions, buttonholes, darts, inset marks, or similar, which can later be either washed or brushed out.
- Textile pens also include all laundry pens, fabric paint pens, etc., which can be used to apply permanent markings or ornaments to the fabric. The color palette for this type of textile pen is quite broad. to the top ^
Thermovlies - Thermal fleece
- Fleece that is ironed onto the inside of a fabric or between two layers of fabric and has warming properties. to the top ^
Tunnelzug - Drawstring
- Fabric tunnel that is sewn into a hem to allow an elastic band or ribbon to be pulled through the tunnel. to the top ^
- The front part of a coat where the buttonholes are located.
- The upper front part of a jacket or coat where the buttonholes are located (women's clothing: right, men's clothing: left).
- Below this is the underlap. to the top ^
- Sewing thread wound on a spool and located on the underside of the fabric when sewing. to the top ^
Verdeckter Reißverschluss - Concealed zipper
- Zipper that is sewn into a skirt, dress or any other fancy item of clothing, which is barely visible or not visible at all when closed. to the top ^
Verriegeln - Lock
- To prevent the seam from coming undone, a few stitches must be sewn forward and backward at the beginning and end of the seam. to the top ^
Verschlussblende - Shutter aperture
- Two strips of fabric are sewn onto one edge to reinforce it and to attach a closure, e.g. a button placket. to the top ^
Versteifen - Stiffen
- Fabrics can be reinforced with an additional layer of fabric; interfacing is often used for this purpose.
- Fabrics are usually reinforced around the collar, waistband, or cuffs. to the top ^
Verstürzen - Collapse
- Turning involves sewing two pattern pieces together and then turning them. Collars, cuffs, and facings, for example, are usually turned. To do this, the pattern pieces are first sewn together, right sides together. The seam allowances are pressed open and trimmed (e.g., from 1 cm to 0.5 cm). The piece is then turned, with the seam positioned exactly along the edge. to the top ^
Volant - Valance
- A circular piece of fabric that is sewn on for decoration.
- Once sewn on, a flounce creates gentle waves. to the top ^
- These are the lateral, fixed edges of a fabric – they are identical to the direction of the grain. to the top ^
Wiener Naht - Viennese seam
- A dividing seam on dresses, blouses, blazers, or coats that runs in a slight curve from the armhole down to the hem.
- It replaces the bust dart on the front and gives the garment a figure-hugging shape.. to the top ^
Wolle - Wool
- Wool is one of the natural fibers of animal origin and is arguably the oldest and most widely used fiber of all, having been for more than 6,000 years.
- Wool is obtained from the fur of animals. The primary supplier of wool is and always has been the woolly sheep.
- In addition, the fur of camels, llamas, alpacas, cashmere goats, Angora goats, Angora rabbits, yaks, vicuñas, and musk oxen is also used. The largest sheep farm today is in Australia.
- The sheep are sheared to produce wool. to the top ^
- As the name suggests, pinking shears cut in serrated edges, eliminating the need to trim the edges of thicker fabrics.
- Pinking shears are cutting scissors with a special function.
- Like regular cutting scissors, pinking shears have offset grip holes, so the lower blade rests very flat on the cutting table and barely lifts the fabric.
- Pinking shears are also among the heavier scissors, which, due to their weight, are comfortable to hold.
- The ground serrations of the two blades create a serrated edge when cutting.
- This frays less quickly than when using smooth cutting scissors. The reason for this is that the cut edges are now arranged at an angle to each other, which, depending on the material, can almost completely prevent fraying.
- Pinking shears are available in different blade lengths and different serration spacing.
- To keep the serrated edges sharp for a long time, pinking shears should only be used to cut fabric. Only felt and thin leather may be used. Other materials will dull the blades. This can cause the serrated edges to distort or fray when cutting.
- Paper scissors with different patterns (serrated, curved, etc.) are available for cutting paper and cardboard. to the top ^
Zickzackstich - Zigzag stitch
- A zigzag stitch, especially useful for overcasting or sewing stretchy fabrics such as jersey.
- The zigzag stitch is a decorative stitch and can be used at any distance between rows and stitches. to the top ^
Zwillingsnadel - Twin needle
- A sewing machine needle with two needles.
- This needle can be used to easily topstitch edges or add decorative stitches. to the top ^
Zwischenfutter - Intermediate feed
- A warming layer of fabric sewn between the outer fabric and the lining.
- Usually a soft layer of fabric within a garment, inserted between the outer fabric and the regular lining.
- In outerwear, it is sewn between the fabric and the lining to increase shape retention, or it is used as an interfacing.
- In shoe manufacturing, interlinings are used for stiffening and padding. to the top ^